The transnational immigration of refugees in Israel and Germany sparks conflicts and debates, with many citizens viewing the increase from Africa, the Middle East, and elsewhere as threatening and contentious. Such refugee influxes lead to protests and conflicts over participation, rights, and restrictions, occurring both publicly and physically. This project analyzes protest events from 2010 onward through political, media, and spatial lenses, using Protest Event Analysis (PEA) to explore contentious politics across borders and time. It addresses four questions: what prompts protests, how they manifest, their dynamics, and state control practices. The research examines triggers, manifestations involving agency, space, media, conflict perceptions, and state mechanisms to manage protests. The goal is to understand if and how protests against refugees influence political change, applying Chantal Mouffe’s concept of agonistic political order—embracing multiple voices in pluralist societies. The project includes data collection, analysis of spatial/media/political aspects, and a multi-level study, plus a phase on agonistic engagement. Overall, it advances social science theory on agonism and political action, offering new approaches to studying protests related to refugee immigration through interdisciplinary methods involving political sociology, media, and urban studies.